Do you know Sed? If you ask ‘who is he’, then this little article if for you. Here goes…

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# Simple substitution, 1-time matching
echo "apple apple pen pineapple" | sed 's/apple/pen/'
# output: pen apple pen pineapple
 
# Simple substitution of @ with @@
sudo sed 's/@/@@/' -i /etc/rsyslog.d/vyatta-log.conf
 
# Substitute second occurence of a word
echo "apple pineapple pen apple" | sed 's/apple/pen/2'
# output: apple pinepen pen apple
 
# Substitute all occurences of a word
echo "apple pen apple pen apple" | sed 's/apple/pen/g'
# output: pen pen pen pen pen
 
# Replacing from nth occurrence to all occurrences in a line
echo "apple apple pen pineapple apple" | sed 's/apple/pen/3g'
# output: apple apple pen pinepen pen
 
# Capitalize first letter of each word
echo "apple apple pen pineapple apple" | sed 's/\(\b[a-z]\)/\U\1/g'
# Output: Apple Apple Pen Pineapple Apple
 
# Creating variable named $song with multiple lines
song=$(cat <<- EOM
    apple apple apple pen
    pen apple aple pen
    pen pen pen apple
    pineapple
EOM
)
 
# Delete the last line of multi-string variable
echo "$song" | sed '$d'
 
# Delete the whole line matching a word within a text file
sed '/pineapple/d' textfile.txt
 
# Comment a line matching a word
sed '/^#/! {/MATCHWORD/ s/^/#/}' -i file.cfg
 
# Uncomment a line matching a word
sed -i '/<word>/s/^#//g' file.cfg
 
# Replace a line in file
hostname=lax-linux06
sed -i '/127.0.1.1/ c\127.0.1.1 '"$hostname"'' /etc/hosts
 
# Insert Line after [Service] to bypass memory checking - remember to escape special characters and to use option -i to update file in-line
sudo sed -i '/^\[Service\]*/a Environment=SYSTEMD_BYPASS_HIBERNATION_MEMORY_CHECK=1' /lib/systemd/system/systemd-logind.service
 
# Comment out last matching line
file=/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
lastMatchLineNumber=$(grep -n 'adjust_timeout' "$file" |tail -1|cut -f1 -d':')
sed -e "$lastMatchLineNumber s/^#*/#/" -i $file
 
# Add a line after last matching line
file=/etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
sed -e "$(grep -n 'adjust_timeout' "$file" |tail -1|cut -f1 -d':')a NEWLINECONTENTHERE" -i $file
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